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报告一内容摘要：
The “Bone and Joint Decade” did end in 2010 and one might make a case from a tissue engineering perspective that we have been awaiting its achievements and for the steps that will bring us into a new era, which may focus on engineering constructs for tissue interfaces such as the once in joints, e.g. osteochondral interface. Bone and cartilage require different competing environmental conditions to be cultivated in vitro, hence coupling both the osteogenic and cartilaginous pathways of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation following the principles of homeostasis in the body might be a key factor to grow osteochondral constructs in the future. Conclusively, growing two tissue types simultaneously together in vitro and/or in vivo will also be the key to grow more complex organs in the future. Over the last two decades a large plethora of methods have been used to design & fabricate scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering by varying the biomaterial composition, mechanical properties, and/or architecture. In the 21-century biphasic scaffolds designs are the most commonly employed, either using a single biopolymer with ceramic components dispersed in the osteogenic phase or using dual biopolymers or hydrogel/polymer combinations. However, reviewing the literature one might get the impression that a large number of research groups are admitted contrarians to the current knowledge in scaffold design and fabrication as they have largely ignored that the integration between the two layers of an osteochondral construct which must function under high biomechnical loading is a key issue in engineering bi-phasic scaffolds. Chemical or physical bonding of the biomaterials would not necessarily guarantee a long-lasting integration of the cartilage and bone layers, especially if the degradation rate of the materials is not accompanied by an ef?cient neogenesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix at the interface. This talk will rationalize the importance of the scaffolds remaining intact as newly formed tissue matures within the porous and fully interconnected scaffold architecture and that the onset of degradation should only occur after the regenerated tissue has remodelled at least once in the natural remodelling cycle. In conclusion, a well-engineered scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering, which is suitable to be translated from the bench to the bedside, combines inspired design, technical innovation and precise craftsmanship.

报告二内容摘要：
To deepen understanding and hasten the development of treatments for ovarian cancer needs to be modeled more accurately in vitro; applying tissue-engineering concepts and approaches in this field could bridge the gap between two-dimensional studies and in vivo animal models.