报告内容摘要

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This presentation covers two topics on the recent progresses in next-generation non-precious metal catalyst for fuel cell and mechanistic study of high capacity lithium-air battery at Argonne National Laboratory.

Finding inexpensive and stable replacements for the platinum group metals (PGMs) has been the ultimate challenge for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst research. Among all the non-PGM candidates, transition metal doped nitrogen-carbon (TM-N-C) composites appear to be the most promising ones in promoting oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). How to improve the non-PGM catalyst activity and durability remains a major development goal. Using the rational design concept, we have developed several new approaches to produce high active site density, “support-free” non-PGM catalysts by applying metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous organic polymers (POPs) as the precursors [1-3]. The new catalysts demonstrated high activities approaching to that of platinum under fuel cell operating conditions. In this presentation, we will discuss the design, synthesis and activation strategies of MOF and POP based non-PGM catalysts and their physical/chemical properties. Novel electrode architectures with improved mass/charge transfers using aligned carbon nanotubes and nanofibrous network will also be discussed.

Li-O2 battery has generated a great deal of interests due to its high theoretical energy storage capacity for vehicular application. Many studies were carried out in attempt to understand the fundamental electro-catalytic processes inside of Li-O2 battery. The results so far were fragmented to individual electrode and mostly in the post mortem state, due to the limitation of characterization methods. At Argonne, we investigated new electrode material to promote cathodic oxygen reduction [4] and a spatiotemporal technique to characterize the electrochemical processes under battery cycling [5, 6]. Synchrotron based microfocused X-ray diffraction (m-XRD) and tomographic (m-CT) methods were applied to investigate the phase and structural changes in real time and under actual operating condition. We were able not only to reveal changes at anode, cathode and separator simultaneously, but also to generate a holistic view on the interdependence between the individual electrode chemistries and the overall cell performance of Li-O2 battery during the discharge-charge cycles.

These works are supported by US DOE Office of Sciences and Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office.

Reference:

1.      “Highly Efficient Non-Precious Metal Electrocatalysts Prepared from One-Pot Synthesized Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs)” D. Zhao, J.-L. Shui, L. R. Grabstanowicz, C. Chen, S. M. Commet, T. Xu, J. Lu, and D.-J. Liu, Advanced Materials, 2014, 26, 1093 (Frontpiece article).

2.      “Highly-Active and “Support-free” Oxygen Reduction Catalyst Prepared from Ultrahigh Surface Area Porous Polyporphyrin” S. Yuan, J.-L. Shui, L. Grabstanowicz, C. Chen, S. Commet, B. Reprogle, T. Xu, L. Yu and D.-J. Liu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52(32), 8349.

3.      “Cobalt Imidazolate Framework as Precursor for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst”, S. Ma, G. Goenaga, A. Call and D.-J. Liu, Chem: A Euro. J, 2011 17 2063.

4.      “Reversibility of anodic lithium in non-aqueous Li-O2 batteries” J.-L. Shui, J. S. Okasinski, P. Kenesei, H. A. Dobbs, D. Zhao, J. D. Almer, and D.-J. Liu, Nature Comm. 2013 4, 2255.

5.      “Fe/N/C composite in Li–O2 battery: Studies of the catalytic structure and activity towards oxygen evolution reaction”, J.–L. Shui, N. K. Karan, M. Balasubramanian, S.–Y. Li and D.–J. Liu, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134 (40), 16654.

6.      “In Operando spatiotemporal study of Li2O2 grain growth and distribution inside of operating Li-O2 batteries” J.-L. Shui, J. S. Okasinski, C. Chen, J. D. Almer and D.-J. Liu, ChemSusChem 2014, 7, 543.

 

报告人简历

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Dr. Di-Jia Liu (刘迪嘉) received his B. Sc degree in Chemistry from Peking University in 1982 and Ph. D. degree in Physical Chemistry from The University of Chicago in 1987. After two-year postdoctoral research at University of California at Berkeley, he joined AlliedSignal (later became Honeywell International) in 1990 and led various R&D projects in fuel cell, automotive emission control, aerospace environmental catalysis, gas adsorbent, advanced material characterization and industrial six-sigma process development. He was the lead scientist in developing a state-of-the-art ozone converter for Boeing 777 aircrafts and was recognized by AlliedSignal Corporate Technical Achievement Award and 2000 USA Today Quality Cup. Dr. Liu joined the Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division of Argonne National Laboratory in 2002 and served as the principal investigators and team leads of a wide range of projects in energy efficiency, renewable energy and fundamental sciences including hydrogen production, hydrogen/methane storage materials, polymer electrolyte and solid oxide fuel cells, lithium-air battery, solar energy conversion, advanced x-ray characterizations, etc. He won Argonne National Laboratory Pacesetter Award, DOE Office of Sciences Outstanding Mentor Award and DOE Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence Team Award. He has over 90 publications, 25 granted US patents and patent applications and numerous presentations at the international conferences. He is a member of American Chemical Society, Electrochemical Society and North American Catalysis Society. He also serves as US DOE representative at fuel cell material annex of International Energy Agency.

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA Email: djliu@anl.gov

 

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